A summary of Commander E. P. Gallwey's paper read before the United Service Institution in early March 1885 [E. P. Gallwey later became the managing director of the Weymouth branch of Fabrica di Torpedni Whitehead & Co.]. Gallwey initial remarks related to mine warfare for harbour defence and then he went on to discuss the Whitehead torpedo in great detail with particular reference to the latest patterns of the Whitehead torpedo and its competitor manufactured by Messrs. Schwartzkoff, of Berlin, special torpedo ships ( e.g. H.M.S. Polyphemus),torpedo boats, the protection of fleets, and machine guns as a defensive measure.